Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars
Oxford University Press, USA | 2004-12-17 | ISBN 0199252688 | Pages: 322 | PDF | 1.7 MB
This book addresses a question fundamental to any discussion of grammatical theory and grammatical variation: to what extent can principles of grammar be explained through language use? John A. Hawkins argues that there is a profound correspondence between performance data and the fixed conventions of grammars. Preferences and patterns found in the one, he shows, are reflected in constraints and variation patterns in the other. The theoretical consequences of the proposed 'performance-grammar correspondence hypothesis' are far-reaching -- for current grammatical formalisms, for the innateness hypothesis, and for psycholinguistic models of performance and learning. Drawing on empirical generalizations and insights from language typology, generative grammar, psycholinguistics, and historical linguistics, Professor Hawkins demonstrates that the assumption that grammars are immune to performance is false. He presents detailed empirical case studies and arguments for an alternative theory in which performance has shaped the conventions of grammars and thus the variation patterns found in the world's languages. The innateness of language, he argues, resides primarily in the mechanisms human beings have for processing and learning it. This important book will interest researchers in linguistics (including typology and universals, syntax, grammatical theory, historical linguistics, functional linguistics, and corpus linguistics), psycholinguistics (including parsing, production, and acquisition), computational linguistics (including language-evolution modelling and electronic corpus development); and cognitive science (including the modeling of the performance-competence relationship, pragmatics, and relevance theory).
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Wednesday, February 11, 2009
Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars
Wednesday, January 7, 2009
eBook For IMPACT Mathematics: Algebra and More, Course 3, Student Edition
Product Description
A complete Algebra 1 curriculum by the end of the 8th grade
IMPACT Mathematics: Algebra and More, Course 3 is part of an exciting 3-course program developed in cooperation with Education Development Center, Inc. It makes mathematics accessible to more of your students. They spend less time reviewing topics from previous grades and more time progressing carefully and successfully toward the completion of Algebra 1 by the end of grade 8. Informal-to-formal concept development ensures that students build necessary skills and develop conceptual understanding.
About the Author
McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide
Product Details
* Hardcover: 698 pages
* Publisher: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill; 2 edition (June 15, 2004)
* Language: English
* ISBN-10: 0078609291
* ISBN-13: 978-0078609299
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Thursday, October 16, 2008
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics provides comprehensive and contemporary coverage of key mathematical ideas, techniques, and their widespread applications, for students majoring in engineering, computer science, mathematics and physics. Using a wide range of examples throughout the book, Jeffrey illustrates how to construct simple mathematical models, how to apply mathematical reasoning to select a particular solution from a range of possible alternatives, and how to determine which solution has physical significance. Jeffrey includes material that is not found in works of a similar nature, such as the use of the matrix exponential when solving systems of ordinary differential equations. The text provides many detailed, worked examples following the introduction of each new idea, and large problem sets provide both routine practice, and, in many cases, greater challenge and insight for students. Most chapters end with a set of computer projects that require the use of any CAS (such as Maple or Mathematica) that reinforce ideas and provide insight into more advanced problems. A Student Solutions Manual is also available.
* Comprehensive coverage of frequently used integrals, functions and fundamental mathematical results
* Contents selected and organized to suit the needs of students, scientists, and engineers
* Contains tables of Laplace and Fourier transform pairs
* New section on numerical approximation
* New section on the z-transform
* Easy reference system
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Wednesday, July 16, 2008
eBook Sobolev Spaces, Second Edition (Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 140) (Pure and Applied Mathematics)
Robert A. Adams, John J. F. Fournier “Sobolev Spaces, Second Edition
(Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 140) (Pure and Applied Mathematics)”
Academic Press | 2003 | ISBN:0120441438 | 300 pages | PDF | 11 Mb
Sobolev Spaces presents an introduction to the theory of Sobolev Spaces and other related spaces of function, also to the imbedding characteristics of these spaces. This theory is widely used in pure and Applied Mathematics and in the Physical Sciences.
This second edition of Adam’s ‘classic’ reference text contains many additions and much modernizing and refining of material. The basic premise of the book remains unchanged: Sobolev Spaces is intended to provide a solid foundation in these spaces for graduate students and researchers alike.
* Self-contained and accessible for readers in other disciplines.
* Written at elementary level making it accessible to graduate students.
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Tuesday, July 1, 2008
Download Handbook of mathematics
MODUL 1 REVIEW OF INTRODUCTORY MATHEMATICS
TERMINOLOGY
Summary
CALCULATOR OPERATIONS
FOUR BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
Calculator Usage, Special Keys
The Decimal Numbering System
Adding Whole Numbers
Subtracting Whole Numbers
Multiplying Whole Numbers
Dividing Whole Numbers
Hierarchy of Mathematical Operations
Summary
AVERAGES
Average Value
Summary
FRACTIONS .
Proper and Improper Fractions
Equivalent Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Least Common Denominator Using Primes
Addition and Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Summary
MODUL 2 ALGEBRA
OBJECTIVES
ALGEBRAIC LAWS
Algebraic Laws
Summary
LINEAR EQUATIONS
Solutions to Algebraic Equations
Algebraic Equations
Types of Algebraic Equations
Linear Equations
Solving Fractional Equations
Ratio and Proportion
Summary
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Types of Quadratic Equations
Solving Quadratic Equations
Taking Square Root
Factoring Quadratic Equations
The Quadratic Formula
Summary
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
Solving Simultaneous Equations
Summary
WORD PROBLEMS
Basic Approach to Solving Algebraic Word Problems
Steps for Solving Algebraic Word Problems
Word Problems Involving Money
Problems Involving Motion
Solving Word Problems Involving Quadratic Equations
Summary
LOGARITHMS
Calculator Usage, Special Keys
Introduction
Definition
Log Rules
Common and Natural Logarithms
Anti-Logarithms
Natural and Common Log Operations
Summary
GRAPHING
The Cartesian Coordinate System .
Cartesian Coordinate Graphs
Logarithmic Graphs
Graphing Equations
Nomographs
Summary
SLOPES
Slope
Summary
INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION
Definitions
Interpolation and Extrapolation
Summary
MODUL 3 GEOMETRY
BASIC CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRY
Terms
Lines
Important Facts
Angles
Summary
SHAPES AND FIGURES OF PLANE GEOMETRY
Triangles
Area and Perimeter of Triangles
Quadrilaterals
Circles
Summary
SOLID GEOMETRIC FIGURES
Rectangular Solids
Cube
Sphere
Right Circular Cone
Right Circular Cylinder
Summary
MODUL 4 TRIGONOMETRY
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
Pythagorean Theorem
Summary .
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Summary
RADIANS
Radian Measure
Summary
MODUL 5 HIGHER CONCEPTS OF MATHEMATICS
STATISTICS
Frequency Distribution
The Mean
Variability
Normal Distribution
Probability
Summary
IMAGINARY AND COMPLEX NUMBERS
Imaginary Numbers
Complex Numbers
Summary
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
The Matrix
Addition of Matrices
Multiplication of a Scaler and a Matrix
Multiplication of a Matrix by a Matrix
The Determinant
Using Matrices to Solve System of Linear Equation
Summary
CALCULUS
Dynamic Systems
Differentials and Derivatives
Graphical Understanding of Derivatives
Application of Derivatives to Physical Systems
Integral and Summations in Physical Systems
Graphical Understanding of Integral
Summary
Monday, August 27, 2007
Download Book The Language of Mathematics: Making the Invisible Visible
- Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Company
- Number Of Pages: 344
- Publication Date: 1998-10
- Sales Rank: 877122
- ISBN / ASIN: 071673379X
- EAN: 9780716733799
- Binding: Hardcover
- Manufacturer: W.H. Freeman & Company
- Studio: W.H. Freeman & Company
- Book Description:
"The great book of nature," said Galileo, "can be read only by those who know the language in which it was written. And this language is mathematics."
In The Language of Mathematics, award-winning author Keith Devlin reveals the vital role mathematics plays in our eternal quest to understand who we are and the world we live in. More than just the study of numbers, mathematics provides us with the eyes to recognize and describe the hidden patterns of life--patterns that exist in the physical, biological, and social worlds without, and the realm of ideas and thoughts within.
Taking the reader on a wondrous journey through the invisible universe that surrounds us--a universe made visible by mathematics--Devlin shows us what keeps a jumbo jet in the air, explains how we can see and hear a football game on TV, allows us to predict the weather, the behavior of the stock market, and the outcome of elections. Microwave ovens, telephone cables, children's toys, pacemakers, automobiles, and computers--all operate on mathematical principles. Far from a dry and esoteric subject, mathematics is a rich and living part of our culture.
A brilliant exploration of an often woefully misunderstood subject The Language of Mathematics celebrates the simplicity, the precision, the purity, and the elegance of mathematics.
