Download Control Valve Handbook

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TOC

1. Introduction to Control Valves1
What Is A Control Valve?
Process Control Terminology
Sliding-Stem Control Valve Terminology
Rotary-Shaft Control Valve Terminology
Control Valve Functions and Characteristics Terminology
Other Process Control Terminology

2. Control Valve Performance
Process Variability
Economic Results
Summary

3. Valve and Actuator Types
Control Valves
Globe Valves
Rotary Valves
Control Valve End Connections
Valve Body Bonnets
Control Valve Packing
Characterization of Cage-Guided Valve Bodies
Valve Plug Guiding
Restricted-Capacity Control Valve Trim
Actuators60

4. Control Valve Accessories65
Positioners
Other Control Valve Accessories
Limit Switches
Solenoid Valve Manifold
Supply Pressure Regulator
Pneumatic Lock-Up Systems
Fail-Safe Systems for Piston Actuators
Electro-Pneumatic Transducers
Electro-Pneumatic Valve Positioners
PC Diagnostic Software

5. Control Valve Selection
Valve Body Materials
Designations for the High Nickel Alloys
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Standard Class
ASTM A216 Grade WCC Valves
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM A216 Cast Iron, ASTM B61 and B62 Cast Bronze Valves
Class Designation and PN Numbers
Face–to Face Dimensions
Wear & Galling Resistance Chart Of Material Combinations
Control Valve Seat Leakage Classifications
Class VI Maximum Seat Leakage Allowable
Typical Valve Trim Material Temperature Limits
Service Temperature Limitations for Elastomers
Ambient Temperature Corrosion Information
Elastomer Information Fluid Compatibility
Control Valve Flow Characteristics
Selection of Flow Characteristic
Valve Sizing
Sizing Valves for Liquids
Abbreviations and Terminology
Equation Constants
Determining Fp, the Piping Geometry Factor
Determining qmax (the Maximum Flow Rate) or Pmax (the Allowable Sizing Pressure Drop)
Liquid Sizing Sample Problem
Sizing Valves for Compressible Fluids
Determining xTP, the Pressure Drop Ratio Factor
Representative Sizing Coefficients for Single–Ported
Globe Style Valve Bodies
Representative Sizing Coefficients for Rotary Shaft Valves
Actuator Sizing
Rotary Actuator Sizing
Typical Rotary Shaft Valve Torque Factors
V–Notch Ball Valve with Composition Seal
High Performance Butterfly Valve with Composition Seal
Non-Destructive Test Procedures
Cavitation and Flashing
Choked Flow Causes Flashing and Cavitation
Valve Selection for Flashing Service, Valve Selection for Cavitation Service
Noise Prediction, Noise Control, Noise Summary
Packing Selection Guidelines

6. Special Control Valves
High Capacity Control Valves
Low Flow Control Valves
High-Temperature Control Valves
Cryogenic Service Valves
Customized Characteristics and Noise Abatement Trims
Control Valves for Nuclear Service in the USA
Valves Subject to Sulfide Stress Cracking

7. Steam Conditioning Valves
Understanding Desuperheating
Typical Desuperheater Designs
Understanding Steam Conditioning Valves
Steam Conditioning Valve Designs
Feedforward Design
Manifold Design
Pressure-Reduction-Only Design
Understanding Turbine Bypass Systems
Turbine Bypass System Components

8. Installation and Maintenance
Proper Storage and Protection
Proper Installation Techniques
Control Valve Maintenance
Reactive Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance
Actuator Diaphragm
Stem Packing
Seat Rings
Bench Set

9. Standards and Approvals
Control Valve Standards
American Petroleum Institute (API)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Fluid Controls Institute (FCI)
Instrument Society of America (ISA)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
International Standards Organization (ISO)
Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)
NACE International
Product Approvals for Hazardous (Classified) Locations
North American Approvals
Approval Agencies
Types of Protection
Nomenclature
Hazardous Location Classification
Temperature Code
NEMA Enclosure Rating
CSA Enclosure Ratings
Intrinsically Safe Apparatus
Loop Schematic (Control Drawing)
Comparison of Protection Techniques
Intrinsically Safe Technique
Dust Ignition–proof Technique
Non–Incendive Technique
European and Asia/Pacific Approvals

10. Engineering Data
Standard Specifications For Valve Materials
Valve Materials Properties for Pressure–Containing Components
Physical Constants of Hydrocarbons
Specific Heat Ratio (K)
Physical Constants of Various Fluids
Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia)
Properties of Water,Saturated Steam,Superheated Steam
Velocity of Liquids in Pipe
Flow of Water Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipe
Flow of Air Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipe
Calculations for Pipe Other than Schedule 40

11. Pipe Data.
Pipe Engagement
Carbon and Alloy Steel – Stainless Steel
American Pipe Flange Dimensions – Diameter of Bolt CircleInches
American Pipe Flange Dimensions – Number of Stud Bolts and Diameter in Inches
American Pipe Flange Dimensions – Flange Diameter–Inches
DIN Standards
American Pipe Flange Dimensions – Flange Thickness for Flange Fittings
DIN Cast Steel Flange Standard

12. Conversions and Equivalents
Length Equivalents
Whole Inch–Millimeter Equivalents
Fractional Inches To Millimeters
Additional Fractional/Decimal Inch–Millimeter Equivalents
Area Equivalents
Volume Equivalents
Volume Rate Equivalents
Mass Conversion—Pounds to Kilograms
Pressure Equivalents
Pressure Conversion—Pounds per Square Inch to Bar
Temperature Conversion Formulas
Temperature Conversions
A.P.I. and Baumé Gravity Tables and Weight Factors
Equivalent Volume and Weight Flow Rates of Compressible Fluids
Viscosity Conversion Nomograph
Other Useful Conversions
Metric Prefixes and Symbols

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