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Volume 1 of 2

Module 1 - Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Introduces concepts of atomic physics including the atomic nature of matter, the
chart of the nuclides, radioactivity and radioactive decay, neutron interactions and
fission, and the interaction of radiation with matter.

ATOMIC NATURE OF MATTER
Structure of Matter
Subatomic Particles
Bohr Model of the Atom
Measuring Units on the Atomic Scale
Nuclides
Isotopes
Atomic and Nuclear Radii
Nuclear Forces
Summary
CHART OF THE NUCLIDES
Chart of the Nuclides
Information for Stable Nuclides
Information for Unstable Nuclides
Neutron - Proton Ratios
Natural Abundance of Isotopes
Enriched and Depleted Uranium
Summary
MASS DEFECT AND BINDING ENERGY
Mass Defect
Binding Energy
Energy Levels of Atoms
Energy Levels of the Nucleus
Summary

MODES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY
Stability of Nuclei
Natural Radioactivity
Nuclear Decay
Alpha Decay (a)
Beta Decay (b)
Electron Capture (EC, K-capture)
Gamma Emission (g)
Internal Conversion
Isomers and Isomeric Transition
Decay Chains
Predicting Type of Decay
Summary
RADIOACTIVITY
Radioactive Decay Rates
Units of Measurement for Radioactivity
Variation of Radioactivity Over Time
Radioactive Half-Life
Plotting Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Equilibrium
Transient Radioactive Equilibrium
NEUTRON INTERACTIONS
Scattering
Elastic Scattering
Inelastic Scattering
Absorption Reactions
Radiative Capture
Particle Ejection
Fission
Summary
NUCLEAR FISSION
Fission
Liquid Drop Model of a Nucleus
Critical Energy
Fissile Material
Fissionable Material
Fertile Material
Binding Energy Per Nucleon (BE/A)
Summary
ENERGY RELEASE FROM FISSION
Calculation of Fission Energy
Estimation of Decay Energy
Distribution of Fission Energy
Summary
INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER
Interaction of Radiation With Matter
Alpha Radiation
Beta Minus Radiation
Positron Radiation
Neutron Radiation
Gamma Radiation
Summary

Module 2 - Reactor Theory (Nuclear Parameters)
Provides information on reactor theory and neutron characteristics. Includes topics
such as neutron sources, neutron flux, neutron cross sections, reaction rates,
neutron moderation, and prompt and delayed neutrons.

Neutron Sources
Intrinsic Neutron Sources
Installed Neutron Sources
Summary
NUCLEAR CROSS SECTIONS AND NEUTRON FLUX
Introduction
Atom Density
Cross Sections
Mean Free Path
Calculation of Macroscopic Cross Section and Mean Free Path
Effects of Temperature on Cross Section
Neutron Flux
Self-Shielding
Summary
REACTION RATES Reaction Rates
Reactor Power Calculation
Relationship Between Neutron Flux and Reactor Power
Summary
NEUTRON MODERATION
Neutron Slowing Down and Thermalization
Macroscopic Slowing Down Power
Moderating Ratio
Summary
PROMPT AND DELAYED NEUTRONS
Neutron Classification
Neutron Generation Time
Summary
NEUTRON FLUX SPECTRUM
Prompt Neutron Energies
Thermal and Fast Breeder Reactor Neutron Spectra
Most Probable Neutron Velocities

Volume 2 of 2

Module 3 - Reactor Theory (Nuclear Parameters)
Explains the nuclear parameters associated with reactor theory. Topics include
the neutron life cycle, reactivity and reactivity coefficients, neutron poisons, and
control rods.

NEUTRON LIFE CYCLE 1
Infinite Multiplication Factor, k¥
Four Factor Formula
Fast Fission Factor, ( )
Resonance Escape Probability, (p)
Thermal Utilization Factor, (f)
Reproduction Factor, (h)
Effective Multiplication Factor
Fast Non-Leakage Probability ( f)
Thermal Non-Leakage Probability ( t)
Six Factor Formula
Neutron Life Cycle of a Fast Reactor
Summary
REACTIVITY
Application of the Effective Multiplication Factor
Reactivity
Units of Reactivity
Reactivity Coefficients and Reactivity Defects
Summary
REACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS
Moderator Effects
Moderator Temperature Coefficient
Fuel Temperature Coefficient
Pressure Coefficient
Void Coefficient
Summary

NEUTRON POISONS
Fixed Burnable Poisons
Soluble Poisons
Non-Burnable Poisons
Summary
XENON
Fission Product Poisons
Production and Removal of Xenon-135
Xenon-135 Response to Reactor Shutdown
SAMARIUM AND OTHER FISSION PRODUCT POISONS
Production and Removal of Samarium-149
Samarium-149 Response to Reactor Shutdown
Other Neutron Poisons
Summary .
CONTROL RODS
Selection of Control Rod Materials
Types of Control Rods
Control Rod Effectiveness
Integral and Differential Control Rod Worth Rod Control Mechanisms
Summary

Module 4 - Reactor Theory (Reactor Operations)
Introduces the reactor operations aspect of reactor theory. Topics include
subcritical multiplication, reactor kinetics, and reactor operation.

SUBCRITICAL MULTIPLICATION
Subcritical Multiplication Factor
Effect of Reactivity Changes on Subcritical Multiplication
Use of 1/M Plots
Summary
REACTOR KINETICS
Reactor Period (t)
Effective Delayed Neutron Fraction
Effective Delayed Neutron Precursor Decay Constant
Prompt Criticality
Stable Period Equation
Reactor Startup Rate (SUR)
Doubling Time
Summary
REACTOR OPERATION
Startup
Estimated Critical Position
Core Power Distribution
Power Tilt
Shutdown Margin
Operation
Temperature
Pressure
Power Level
Flow
Core Burnup
Shutdown
Decay Heat
Summary

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